1. Two-tier Diagnostic Test The other approach can be used to investigate students’ understanding is two-tier diagnostic test which was…

1. Concept Cartoon Concept cartoon could be used to probe students’ understanding through interactive pictures with limited words. According to…

1. Questioning Questioning approach is basic strategy to investigate students’ understanding which is widely used in the classroom practices. According…

Introduction Students’ understanding becomes the main concern for teaching and learning in science. The problems of learning achievement in science…